UNIT- 1:   DEATH AND ITS CAUSE

1. Asphyxia is otherwise called 
   a) anemic anoxia
   b) stagnant anoxia
   c) histotoxic anoxia
   d) anoxic anoxia

2. Heart stops within ___ minutes of cessation of breathing.
a) 20 mins
b) 10 mins
c) 30 mins
d) 5 mins

3. The neurons of the cortex die within ___  of oxygen lack
a) 2 mins 
b)5 mins
c)10 mins
d) 30 secs

4.  After how much time does irreversible cortical damage occur?
a)  2 mins 
b) 3 mins
c)1 mins
d) 7 mins

5. Hanging is an example of 
a) mechanical asphyxia
b)traumatic asphyxia
c)postural asphyxia
d)pathological asphyxia

6. Drowning - example of 
a) mechanical asphyxia
b)traumatic asphyxia
c)postural asphyxia
d)pathological asphyxia

7. Laryngeal spasm is an example of ____

a) mechanical asphyxia
b)traumatic asphyxia
c)postural asphyxia
d)pathological asphyxia

8. In gelsemium poisoning, there is 

a) mechanical asphyxia
b) toxic asphyxia
c)postural asphyxia
d)pathological asphyxia

9. exposure to high altitude causing suffocation is an example of 

a) environmental asphyxia
b)traumatic asphyxia
c)postural asphyxia
d)pathological asphyxia

10.  A man is found to have a reddish blotch on the head after attempting hanging . it measures about 5 mm in size. What do you name it?

a) ecchymosis
b)petechiae
c)purpura
d) papule

11. How much of the reduced haemoglobin should be available in the blood for cyanosis to be manifest ?
a) 5g/dL 
b)3g/dL
c)10g/dL
d)6g/dL

12. A person dies with sudden cardiac arrest , his lungs might be expected to be 
a) heavy   
b) light 
c)no change 
d)either 

13. Stoppage of the breathing and continuation of heart beat for a few mins results in
a)heavy lungs 
b)lighter lungs
c)cardiac rupture
d) cardiac distension

14. Which of the following are not the histopathological findings in asphyxia?
a) alveolar haemorrhage  
b) Brick red nerve cells 
c)vacuolar degeneration  of liver cells
d) demyelination of purkinje cells 

15. Abundant clots may not be seen in heart in death due to 
a)  slow natural death
b) Cachexia
c)Infection
d) asphyxia

16. the stages of asphyxial death go through the sequence of 
a) Dyspnea-- convulsions-- exhaustion  
b)Convulsions--dyspnoea-- exhaustion
c)Dyspnea-- exhaustion--convulsions
d) Exhaustion- convulsions-- dyspnoea

17. The following picture best describes asphyxial death 
a)   swollen face, protruded tongue, frothy bloody mucus, dilated pupils 
b) sunken eyes, pale face, dry tongue, constricted pupils
c)pale tongue, sunken eyes, dilated pupils, conjunctival haemorrhage
d) tardieu spots below the level of obstruction

18. Tardieu spots are not found in 
a) eyelids  
b) buccal mucosa
c)epiglottis
d) pericardium

19. In the post mortem done on an asphyxiated person, the blood will be fluid in consistency and dark in colour due to the presence of
a) CO
b)Co2
c)HbS
d)NO2

 

20.  Tardieu’s spots range in size upto
a) 2 mm

b)5mm

c)1mm

d)10 mm

 

21. Tardieu spots differ from petechiae due to increased thoracic pressure in that
a) They are present below the level of obstruction
b) Above the level of obstruction
c) Generalised
d)they occur after delivery.

 

22.  The most intense asphyxia stigmata will be produced by
a)  short intense asphyxia
b) long and intense asphyxia
c) long and intermittent aspyxia
d) short slow asphyxia

 

23.  Syncope is the sudden stoppage of the action of the
a) heart
b)lungs
c)brain
d)medulla

 

24. Immediate cause of death is
 a)the  pathological process responsible for death at the time of the terminal event
b)pathological process causing death prior to the terminal event
c)the pathological process complicating the terminal event
d)the event at the time of terminal event

 

25.  A patient has diabetes mellitus and suffered a gun shot wound and dies due to the infection of the wound and septicaemia. What is the probable contributory cause here?
a) diabetes mellitus
b)gun shot
c) infection
d) none

26. what is the basic cause in the above example?

27. What is the time between the lethal incidence and death called?
a) Lethal period
b)Agonal period
c)Latent period
d)Critical period

28. Fresh coronary thrombi appear as

a) dark brown plugs free from the wall
b)dark brown plugs attached to the wall
c) yellowish plug attached to the wall
d)yellowish plugs free from the wall

29. Infarction of the heart muscle occurs when the coronary lumen is occluded to _____

a) <40 %
b)<60%
c)<20%
d)<50%

30.  A person died of MI. What are the naked eye changes we can observe in the heart soon after death?

 a)Tissue edema
b)hyperemia
c)softening and thinning of infarcted area
d)rupture

31. Post mortem on the 2^nd day reveals

a) hyperemia
b)rupture
c)fibrous scar
d)none

32. Changes in the myocardium occur in the following  sequence

a) tissue edema- demarcation, hyperaemia- softening and thinning- rupture
b)Demarcation and hyperaemia – tissue edema- softening and thinning- rupture
 c) Softening and thinning- tissue edema- rupture- dmearcation
d)rupture – demarcation- softening and thinning- fibrous scar

33. Rupture of the myocardium usually occurs in about

a)1 week 
b)1-2 weeks
 c) 1month
d)2 days

34. Immersion of the myocardial tissues in triphenyl tetrazolinium chloride is to test the presence of dehydrogenase tissuesin the intact area whoch stains the tissues

a) yellow
b)blue
 c) black
d)brick red

35. TTZ test results are visible in the post infarct myocardium by about

a) 2 hours
b)4 hours
 c) 2 days
d)4 days

36. Which of the following modes of death doesn’t involve  vagal inhibition?

a) hanging and strangulation
b)impaction of food in the larynx
c)sudden immersion in cold water
d) Blood transfusion

37. which of the following is an indicator of mast cell activation?

a) serum lipoprotein lipase
b)serum tryptase
c)serum adrenaline
d)serum PGE1

38. Sampling for accurate antemortem glucose status can be done from

a) vitreous
b)serum
c)urine
d)blood

39. The most common causes of sudden death arise due to derangement in the

a) Cardiovascualr system
b)respiratory system
c)central nervous system
d)none of these